Sol-gel Synthesized ZnO–SrMn2O4 Nanocomposite and Its Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis of new binary oxide nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO–SrMn₂O₄, with a spinel structure. The sol-gel technique was used to synthesize ZnO–SrMn₂O₄ spinel-type oxides, which were subsequently investigated for their antibacterial properties. The NPs were characterized by a range of methods, namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of peaks characteristic of SrMn₂O₄ and ZnO/SrMn₂O₄. These peaks confirm the presence of metal-oxygen bonds, namely Zn–O, Mn–O, and Sr–O. SEM was used to analyze the morphology, chemical composition, and size of the nanocrystals. The morphology of the particles is observed to be more irregular in shape, with a wide range of nanoparticle sizes, from 54 to 250 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles, ZnO–SrMn₂O₄, were used to assess their antibacterial properties against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Escherichia coli and demonstrated pronounced antibacterial efficacy. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded against Escherichia Coli, with a diameter range of 16–23 mm, followed by the strain Staphylococcus aureus with a diameter range of 13.5–27.5 mm. The next most active strain was Bacillus subtilis, with a diameter range of 12.5–22 mm, and Bacillus cerus, with a diameter range of 13.5–19 mm. Further use of the obtained ZnO–SrMn₂O₄ powder is recommended for application in photocatalysis of dye degradation.